Infertility in men: Symptoms and Causes

Studies say that 15% of couples are not fit for conceiving a child. They are not able to conceive even after attempting frequent sexual intercourse without any protection for years. One-third of these couples have the infertility issue in men.

The reason behind male infertility is low sperm count, blockages that abort the delivery of sperm or abnormal sperm function. There can be numerous other reasons behind male infertility like injuries, illness, chronic health issues and lifestyle choices.

Unable to produce sperm or conceive a child is no doubt stressful, but one can avail various male fertility treatments.

Symptoms of Potential male Infertility.

Symptoms which depend upon the causes of infertility. They can consist:

Problems with erections and ejaculation
Changes in sexual desire
Small, firm testicles
Changes in hair growth
Pain, lump, or swelling in the testicles

Causes of male infertility

Listed below are some of the major causes of Male Infertility:

●     When the sperm’s passage get obstructed

●     Hormone-related issues

●     Low sperm count

●     Impotence or other functional problem.

Obstructions causing infertility in men

Sperm is manufactured inside testicles, thereafter it passes through epididymis (a series of small tubes) spending about 2-10 days. In this span, the sperm gets matured and come into vas deferens (a larger tube). The vas deferens channel the sperm into the ejaculatory duct, where it comes in contact with seminal fluid which comes from the prostate gland and the seminal vesicles to form a mixture.

The semen is forced into the urethra and finally out of the penis due to muscular contractions during ejaculation. Around one in three cases of infertility in men is due to absences or blockage of tubes (the vas deferens as well). Injury or vasectomy can be a reason behind the blockage or absence of tubes.

Problems with sperm causing infertility in men

Genetic factors are thought to be responsible for the problems with sperm count or its quality. The sperm problems can also lead to the absence of tiny fragments of the male chromosome in some men. This may result in:

●     Azoospermia (Absent sperm) - when the sperm is absent in semen. Testicular failure or blocked tubes can lead to this condition.

●     Oligospermia (Low sperm count) – the sperm in the ejaculate is not in a sufficient amount to bring about conception.

●     Abnormal shape – healthy sperm looks like a streamlined tadpole in shape. Sperm with abnormal shape may face problems while penetrating the egg’s surface.

●     Poor motility – a healthy sperm swims through the woman's reproductive system with the help of its lashing tail. Sperm having poor motility may swim clumsily or sometimes not at all.

Infertility in men due to Functional problems.

Some of the Functional problems that can lead to male infertility include:

●     Impotence – the inefficiency to maintain or get an erection needed for sexual intercourse

●     Prostatectomy – when the prostate gland is removed surgically leading to side effects, as well as impotence, infertility and incontinence.

●     Ejaculation issues – retrograde (when semen doesn’t emerge through the penis and enters the bladder) as well as immature ejaculation.

●     Problems related to the testicles – due to some infection, injury or chemotherapy

●     Antibodies – the sperm activity is hindered by the antibodies made by man’s immune system, like lowering the sperm’s capacity to latch onto an egg from his partner.

●     Certain disorders – diabetes, multiple sclerosis as well as other syndromes can lead to problems in erection and ejaculation.

Hormonal problems causing infertility in men

A series of glands and hormones they release are responsible for regulating the levels of male sex hormones. Hormone production in the testicles guided by the hypothalamus is influenced by the pituitary gland in the brain The failure to manufacture a good amount of the hormone gonadotrophin is relatively an uncommon reason for male infertility.

Apart from the mentioned above factors, there are many other medical, environmental, health, lifestyle and other causes which lead to infertility in men.

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