If your thyroid produces and releases excessive amounts of thyroid hormone, you have hyperthyroidism, often known as an overactive thyroid. Your metabolism may speed up as a result of this disorder. Rapid heart rate, decreased weight, increased appetite, and anxiety are all symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine, beta-blockers, and surgery are all options for hyperthyroidism treatment.
Signs of a Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism can manifest in various ways, some readily apparent to the naked eye, while other symptoms can be more subtle and take some getting used to. Occasionally, people will confuse the symptoms of hyperthyroidism for those of worry. In addition to other symptoms, it can also produce.
- Loss of weight accompanied by increased hunger and a racing or irregular heartbeat, feeling fatigued but unable to sleep due to nervousness or irritability.
- symptoms, including shaky hands, tired muscles, and frequent bathroom breaks.
- A goitre develops from an enlargement of the thyroid gland and may be bilateral or unilateral. A goitre is a gland that has grown to an abnormal size, and it usually presents as a swelling or protrusion at the front or side of the neck. Iodine deficiency is the leading reason why people develop goitres.
- There's also a chance your eyes will bulge or look larger than usual. As a symptom of Graves' illness, this condition is known medically as exophthalmos.
- Hair fragility and loss can be side effects of untreated, chronic thyroid illness.
In rare cases, hyperthyroidism can cause irregular heartbeat, difficulty breathing, and even loss of consciousness. Medical treatment is required right away for these symptoms.
Causes of Hyperthyroidism
Graves' disease: -The thyroid gland is the target of the body's immune system in this condition. Because of this, your thyroid will produce an abundance of thyroid hormone. That Graves' disease runs in families is a given (passed down through a family). Graves' illness tends to run in families, so if one member of your family has it, you shouldn't rule out getting it yourself. Women are more likely to experience this than men because of their predetermined gender at birth. Most occurrences of hyperthyroidism can be traced back to Graves' disease.
Thyroid gland (nodules) - Thyroid nodules are abnormal growths of thyroid cells. They are capable of producing more hormones than the body requires. Malignant nodules of the thyroid are quite uncommon.
Thyroiditis: - Inflammation of the thyroid gland, also known as thyroiditis, can be quite uncomfortable or completely painless, depending on the individual (silent). In some cases, it can occur as soon as a year after giving birth (postpartum thyroiditis). You may develop hypothyroidism if your thyroid does not fully recover from thyroiditis.
An excessive intake of iodine:- An overabundance of iodine (through food or medicine) might stimulate the thyroid into producing excess thyroid hormone in those predisposed to hyperthyroidism. Iodine is an essential mineral for producing thyroid hormone in the thyroid gland.
Treatment of Hyperthyroidism
Medication
Antithyroid drugs impede hormone production by the thyroid. Methimazole (MMI) and propylthiouracil are two examples of the thionamide class of antithyroid medicines (PTU).
For decades, thionamides have been the treatment of choice for hyperthyroidism since they are well-established as safe for use in children and adults, including pregnant women. Pain in the joints, thinning hair, and rashes are some unwanted side effects of antithyroid drugs. Rarely, they may cause liver failure.
Radioactive iodine
Radioiodine, or more specifically radioactive iodine (RAI), is used to kill thyroid hormone-producing cells without harming other organs or tissues in the body. It's typically consumed in the form of a pill or a drink.
Patients treated with radioiodine for hyperthyroidism typically experience the opposite side effect, hypothyroidism. Treatment is simpler, and all you need to do is take a thyroid hormone tablet every day. Thyroid cancer is also treatable with RAI, but at greater dosages.
Surgery
A thyroidectomy is a surgery in which all or part of the thyroid gland is removed. Certain patients with hyperthyroidism may benefit from this operation, albeit each case is considered on its own merits. Patients who don't respond to or cannot undergo alternative treatments may be candidates for surgical intervention. Thyroid ectomy surgery, like any surgical procedure, can go wrong. Surgery in this area is typically performed by an ENT (ear, nose, and throat specialist) or a general surgeon.
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